Aluminium Loop Partners with Environmental Allies
to Launch the “Koh Tao Model — Use Cans
= Save Thai Ocean” and Pioneering
a National Waste Management System

Many of Thailand’s island destinations are facing a critical waste management crisis that is severely impacting the environment. Each year, tourists from all over the world flock to these islands, generating significant income for the country. However, they also leave behind piles of waste—much of which ends up either accumulating on the islands or leaking into the sea. Food and beverage packaging such as foam containers, plastic bottles and bags, and glass bottles are particularly problematic due to the difficulty of managing them in isolated island areas. This issue not only harms the environment but also threatens Thailand’s tourism industry and poses a long-term economic risk.

“Koh Tao,” one of Thailand’s most famous island paradises, is facing the same challenge. According to data from the Resources Management for Sustainability Foundation (3R), in 2024 alone, the island generated over 936 tons of beverage packaging waste—around 78 tons per month—which resulted in approximately 881 tons of CO₂ equivalent emissions annually. The majority of this waste consisted of glass bottles, which are heavy, fragile, and have low return value, making transportation off the island difficult.

“Every time tourists leave, we’re the ones who have to live with the trash they leave behind,” said a local representative, echoing the frustration that residents have endured for years. The large amount of waste has not only damaged the environment but also diminished the quality of life and could negatively affect tourism income in the future. Waste types that are difficult to handle in sensitive island environments—such as glass bottles—pose safety and logistical challenges due to their weight and fragility. However, such packaging materials may not be problematic in other areas; they are simply less suitable for islands. Solving this issue requires a comprehensive waste management system that begins at the source—starting with reconsidering the types of packaging allowed on the islands, favoring materials that are easier to manage.

Koh Tao, Surat Thani Province

Aluminium Loop, Thailand’s first closed-loop aluminium beverage packaging recycling system, has partnered with the Resources Management for Sustainability Foundation (3R), Koh Tao Subdistrict Municipality, Pollution Control Department, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, and Department of Tourism, along with international organizations such as the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Local partners include the Koh Tao Tourism Business Association, local tourism operators, resorts, shops, restaurants, bars, and recycling collectors on Koh Tao. Major private sector partners such as CP ALL Public Company Limited have also joined by supporting the redesign of beverage packaging under eco-design principles, making it easier to manage and fully recyclable within the circular economy system. Together, these partners have been developing a sustainable packaging waste management model based on the Circular Economy concept through the “Koh Tao Model” initiative, under the “Value Chain Packaging Waste Management Project.” The project focuses on packaging redesign, the development of an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system, and the improvement of local solid waste management in Koh Tao, Ko Pha-ngan District, Surat Thani Province, launched in 2023. The core mission is to replace difficult-to-manage beverage packagings with aluminium cans, which are easier to handle, fully recyclable without quality loss, and have a higher resale value. Aluminium cans are lightweight, compactable, and therefore more efficient and cost-effective to transport off the island—helping turn waste management from a burden into a sustainable cycle that supports both the environment and local communities.

Mr. Pavin Chayaviwatkul, founder of Aluminium Loop, said “Aluminium Loop serves as a ‘connector’ in the end-to-end management of aluminium beverage packaging—from the beginning to the end of the recycling chain. We promote aluminium cans as the primary packaging choice for communities and tourists, while encouraging post-consumption sorting. This led to the campaign ‘Use Cans = Save Thai Ocean’, emphasizing that aluminium cans are 100% recyclable in a closed-loop system, allowing a can to become a new can endlessly. This helps reduce costs, waste, and the risk of leakage into the environment, while also generating additional income for local communities through the collection and return of valuable packaging waste. It’s not only about protecting the environment but also about returning value to the community.”

With the cooperation of all stakeholders in managing beverage packaging on Koh Tao, the island has successfully replaced more than 90% of glass bottles—which are difficult to manage—with aluminium cans. The remaining portion comprises beverage brands that have yet to transition to aluminium packaging. Meanwhile, an efficient collection and transportation system has been developed to move recyclable materials off the island. According to the Resources Management for Sustainability Foundation (3R), during the first quarter of 2025, Koh Tao achieved a 70% reduction in the overall weight of residual beverage packaging waste—bringing it down to an average of 30 tons per month. At the same time, carbon emissions were reduced by 34%, to an average of 51 tons of CO equivalent per month.

Canned beverages in convenience stores

“The Koh Tao Model demonstrates that waste management issues cannot be solved by any single organization. It requires collaboration from every sector. There are still many islands in Thailand that should not be left behind to struggle with waste problems. We hope to see these islands restored to their true value and become sources of national pride. We also hope the government will allocate budget support to expand this initiative further.”, Pavin added.

Mrs. Ramluek Assavachin, President of the Koh Tao Tourism Association

Mrs. Ramluek Assavachin, President of the Koh Tao Tourism Association, added “At first, some business operators and tourists were concerned about the price and taste of beverages in aluminium cans. In reality, the taste remains unchanged, and although the price is slightly higher, everyone accepts it because it contributes to environmental conservation. The shift toward packaging that suits island conditions—like aluminium cans—has been well received. It has made waste management easier and increased income for waste collectors. Of course, glass bottles remain valuable and appropriate in many areas, but for Koh Tao, packaging that is easier to transport and recycle is a more practical solution. This project has made everyone realize that natural resources and the environment are truly ‘the island’s capital’. We hope that our commitment here on Koh Tao will serve as an inspiration and a model for sustainable tourism that other islands across Thailand can adapt to their own contexts.”

Mr. Auaychai Srithong, Municipality Chief Administrative Officer of the Koh Tao Subdistrict

Mr. Auaychai Srithong, Municipality Chief Administrative Officer of the Koh Tao Subdistrict, stated “To ensure sustainable waste management on Koh Tao, the municipality and local communities must work together to resolve the waste crisis. To enhance management efficiency—particularly in handling packaging waste—the municipality will introduce clear regulations, including a local ordinance on post-consumption waste management. In addition, the municipality will work to raise awareness among residents about proper waste management practices and communicate with tourists to ensure they understand and follow local regulations consistently. These efforts aim to enable effective waste management on the island right from the source.”

Mr. Sukon Nupakdee, Deputy Governor of Surat Thani Province

Mr. Sukon Nupakdee, Deputy Governor of Surat Thani Province, emphasized “The success of this project stems from the collaboration of all sectors—government, private, and community. This cooperation not only helps reduce waste problems but also preserves natural resources, which are the foundation of Koh Tao’s tourism and economy.”

"Use Cans = Save Thai Ocean" Campaign

Meanwhile, the Waste Management Association of Thailand noted that encouraging people to change their behavior must begin with awareness of how their current habits impact both the beginning and end of the waste cycle. At the same time, the government should accelerate the implementation of a nationwide Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) law to clearly define the responsibilities of producers. This framework would serve as a key economic incentive mechanism—not as a burden on any single party but as a shared responsibility—ultimately leading to more efficient waste management and recycling systems.

The “Koh Tao Model” represents the first step toward success for a small island in the Gulf of Thailand and stands as proof that sustainable waste management is achievable when all sectors work together. It serves as a national model for protecting Thailand’s marine environment, preserving its natural beauty as a global tourist attraction, and strengthening the country’s sustainable economic growth.

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